BIBLIOGRAPHY:  ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARY THEORY


BIOREGION

Planet Drum Foundation, The, "Emerging States: A
     Bioregional Directory" in _Raise the Stakes_, No. 12,
     Spring 1987.  A set of maps shows divisions of the
     North American continent under various criteria
     related to bioregions.  The maps of local bioregional
     organizations shows several overlaps, indicating that
     there is not yet agreement on how to apply the
     standards.  The foundation can be reached by e-mail at
     <planetdrum@igc.org>.

Sale, Kirkpatrick, _Dwellers in the Land_.  Sale's version
     of bioregional theory is described in detail.


LOCUS

Several portions of the boundary of the State of Delaware
     approximate arcs of a 12-mile circle from the
     courthouse in New Castle.

     Schenck, William S., "Delaware's State Boundaries", 2007.

     Strange Maps 67 - Where Delaware Met Pennsylvania (1):
          the Twelve Mile Circle, 2007.

     "Twelve Mile Circle" article in Wikipedia, 2007.


NATION

Brunn, Stanley, "A 16 State Nation", _Geography and politics
     in America_, Harper & Row, 1974. Because current
     boundaries as "barriers to legislation and political
     progress", states are redrawn to reflect "economic
     orientation, social and cultural heritage, and political
     ideology".

Garreau, Joel, _The Nine Nations of North America_, Avon,
     1981.

Orsag, Carol, "A 16-State Nation", _The People's Almanac_,
     Doubleday, 1975, after p922. Overview of Stanley Brunn's
     proposal.

Russell, Richard Joel and Fred Bowerman Kniffen, _Culture
     Worlds_, Macmillan, 1951. This textbook maps major and
     minor cultural divides. A large number of ethnic
     groups are mentioned, although not all are distinctly
     described.

Russell, Richard Joel, Fred Bowerman Kniffen, and Evelyn Lord
     Pruitt, _Culture Worlds_, Macmillan, 1969. This revision
     contains somewhat less and quite different	information
     from the 1951 edition.


NODES

Walter Christaller, _Central Places in Southern Germany_,
     translated from _Die Zentralen Orte in Süddeutschland_
     by Carlisle W. Baskin, Prentice-Hall, 1966.  Various
     geometric patterns of central places provide
     different advantages to transportation, distribution,
     or administration (p 78-80, 140-159, 226).

Cleaver, Ward, "Administrative Boundaries for North
     America", 1997, at <http://www.rev.net/~aloe/region">.
     Study of using population troughs to create hierarchy
     of nodal administrative units.

Jacobs, Jane, _Cities and the Wealth of Nations: Principles
     of Economic Life_, Random House, 1984.  To provide
     market responsiveness, every urban region needs its
     own currency.  Cited examples include the ancient
     city-state, the medieval European city-state, modern
     Singapore, Hong Kong, and "Ring City" in the
     Netherlands (Chapter 11, Faulty feedback to Cities).

Kolars, John F. and John D. Nystuen, _Human Geography:
     Spatial Design in World Society_, McGraw-Hill.  This
     textbook provides a clear summary of the geographic
     development of administrative hierarchies according
     to Christaller and Lösch (p 86-91, 100, 110-111).

Lösch, August, _The Economics of Location_, translated from
     the second revised edition by William H. Woglom with
     the assistance of Wolfgang F. Stolper, Yale Univ.
     Press, 1954.  In a profound treatise, Lösch corrects
     Christaller's mistakes (p 131-133, footnote 16; p
     431-433).  He discusses the "pass city", through which
     all transportation must be routed (p 187-191). He
     compares states and economic landscapes (p 196-214).
     He also discusses the effect of boundaries on
     frontier regions (p 445-451).

MacGregor, Daniel, questions about regional boundaries,
     <http://www.rev.net/~aloe/region/question.html">.

Orsag, Carol, "A 38-State Nation", _The People's Almanac_,
     Doubleday, 1975, after p546. Overview of G. Etzel
     Pearcy's proposal.

Pearcy, G. Etzel, _A Thirty-eight State U.S.A._, Plycon
     Press, 1973.  Traditionally, boundaries have followed
     rivers, mountain ridges, or rectangular coordinates
     (p 1).  The advantages of basing boundaries on
     population density and metropolitan areas are discussed
     (p 2-3).  In an interview on the NBC television
     network's "Tomorrow" program (1973 or 1974), Pearcy also
     discussed market areas, which tend to coincide with
     metropolitan areas. For an update of these ideas, see
     Ward Cleaver, "Administrative Boundaries for North
     America" at <A HREF="http://www.rev.net/~aloe/region">.

Pearcy, G. Etzel, _Supercounties_, Plycon Press, 1976.


SIZE

Fake Is The New Real, "Electoral Reform Map",
     <http://www.fakeisthenewreal.org/reform/reform.html">.
     This map attempts to replace 50 unequal states with 50
     states of equal population, to equal electoral power. 


DATE

Last updated: 15 March 2007